ii presentation du proadel-2 - World bank documents

|BANQUE MONDIALE |REPUBLIQUE DU TCHAD |
| |************** |
| |UNITE-TRAVAIL-PROGRES |
MINISTERE DE L'AMENAGEMENT DU TERRITOIRE, DE L'URBANISME
ET DE L'HABITAT
PROJET D'APPUI AU DEVELOPPEMENT LOCAL
| |
| |
|PLAN DE GESTION DES PESTICIDES ET DES PESTES (PGPP) |
|PROADEL-2 |
| |
RAPPORT PROVISOIRE CORRIGE PREPARE PAR :
Jean LINGANI, Expert en Evaluation Environnementale et Sociale,
00(226) 70 26 31 77
E-mail : linganijean@yahoo.fr
15 octobre 2010
Sommaire - EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4
RESUME EXECUTIF 6
I INTRODUCTION 9
I.1.Implications des activités du projet PROADEL-2 la gestion des
pesticides dans l'agriculture et la santé 9
I.2. Objectif du PGPP 10
II PRESENTATION DU PROADEL-2 11
II.1. Objectifs de la deuxième phase du PROADEL 11
II.2. Description des composantes : 12
II.4. Localités couvertes par le projet 14
III LE CADRE JURIDIQUE ET CAPACITES INSTITUTIONNELLES 19
III.1 Le Cadre législatif et réglementaire 19
III.1.1 Au niveau national 19
III.1.2 Au niveau Régional et International 20
III.2 Cadre institutionnel 21
III.2.1 Les départements ministériels et leurs rôles dans la gestion des
pesticides 21
III.2.2 Autres structures nationales de gestion des pesticides 23
III.2. 3 Capacité nationale de développement et d'implantation de
la Lutte intégrée 24
IV.APPROCHES DE GESTION DES PESTES ET PESTICIDES EN AGRICULTURE ET SANTE
PUBLIQUE 26
IV.1. Contexte agricole : pricipaux peste dans l'agricultue 26
IV.2 Contexte de santé publique : le Paludisme 28
IV.3 Approche pour la gestion des pestes : pesticides et alternatives 29
V. MODES DE GESTION ET USAGE DES PESTICIDES 34
V.1. Etat des lieux de la commercialisation des pesticides 34
V.2. Appréciation quantitative et qualitative des pesticides utilisés 35
V.3. Utilisation des pesticides 36
V.4. Les impacts négatifs de l'utilisation non contrôlée des pesticides
39
VI. APPRECIATION DE LA MISE EN ?UVRE DES PGPP EXISTANTS 46
VI.1 Le Plan de la Lutte Intégrée Contre les Ennemis des Cultures (PLICEC)
46
VI.2 Plans d'Action de Gestion de Pesticides associés à la mise en ?uvre
des conventions ratifiées par le TChad 48
VII.PLAN D'ACTION POUR LA GESTION DES PESTES ET DES PESTICIDES 49
VII.1 Problèmes prioritaires identifiés 49
VII.2 Stratégies d'intervention et plan de gestion des pesticides 50
VII.3 Activités du Plan de Gestion des Pestes 51
VII.3.1 - Organiser des voyages d'études 51
VII.3.2 - Promouvoir l'adoption des pratiques de Lutte Intégrée 51
VII.3.3 - Formation des Organisations de Producteurs en Gestion de
Pesticides ; utilisation saine de pesticides 52
VII.3.4 - Information et sensibilisation des usagers et de la population
53
VII.3.5 - Renforcement des cadres de réglementation nationale et des
capacités institutionnelles 54
VII.3.6 - Gestion de Vecteur Intégré : Surveillance de Vecteur de
Maladies au sein des Populations aux environs des barrages et des
petites structures d'irrigation 54
VII.4 Plan Monitoring - Suivi - Evaluation 54
VII.4.1 Indicateurs de suivi environnemental et social à documenter 55
VII.4.2 Contrôle et supervision 57
VII.4.3 Evaluation du PGPP 58
VII.5 Acteurs et Partenaires, Arrangements Institutionnels pour
l'implantation du Plan de Gestion des Pestes 59
VII.5.1 Acteurs et Partenaires Institutionnels 59
VII.5.2 Aménagement Institutionnel pour l'implantation du Plan de
Gestion de Pesticides et des Pestes 61
VII.6 Calendrier de mise en ?uvre des mesures et estimation des coûts 63
VII.6.1 Plan de Base 63
VII.6.2 Coûts PGPP à prévoir dans le budget du PROADEL-2 63
- ANNEXES 66
- Annexe 1 : Liste de pesticides homologués ou interdits au Tchad 66
- Annexe 2 : GUIDE de bonnes pratiques de gestion et mesures de gestion
des pesticides en agriculture et en santé publique 70
- Annexe 3 : Système OMS d'évaluation des pesticides (WHOPES) 81
- Annexe 4 : Directives sur la bonne pratique de l'application aérienne
de pesticides 83
- Annexe 5 Principes de base de la Lutte Intégrée 111 - EXECUTIVE SUMMARY A review of the PROADEL-2 concept note reveals a number of activities
with implications in the fight against the integrated pest and pesticide
management. The purpose of the Pesticides and Pests Management Plan
(PPMP) is to provide answers to the risks associated with a greater
reliance on pesticides in agricultural production and an increase in
diseases among populations due to dam construction and irrigation works,
and to strengthen national capacities for implementation of measures to
mitigate those risks. The PPMP also identifies national agencies and international partners who
could participate in the planning process, as well as institutional
mechanisms for its implementation. The PPMP forms a separate project
known as PROADEL-2 and its structure meets the requirements of Standards
policy of safeguarding the Bank OP4.09 and BP 4.01 Annex C. It is based
on existing national institutions and policies, regulations and
operations will be strengthened by the PROADEL-2. Particularly the
Directorate of Plant Protection and Packaging (DPVC), which is
responsible for all plant protection issues at national level, will be
the national public institution responsible for overseeing the
implementation of PPMP. In addition, the proposed structure is consistent
with the proposed management system for the PROADEL-2 project. A project of this nature has an important implication for integrated pest
management against pests: As pests and diseases can often infest crops in
several regions, districts or communities, the implementation of PPMP
must have a national coverage and not limited to project sites. This aims
at reducing pest infestation in areas that would not otherwise be covered
by management efforts under the PROADEL-2 project. A direct consequence
of crop diversification and intensification in cropping areas for
agricultural production envisaged in the draft PROADEL-2 is the likely
availability of abundant food sources for pests and diseases. In
addition, Chad is prone to invasion by pest migration, such as crickets,
armies of caterpillars and seed-eating birds that can completely sweep
away crop fields supported by PROADEL-2 and grown by members of farmer
organizations. In the case of pesticides, it is necessary to monitor the potential
adverse effects associated with the use of such products. There is a
frequent lack of information and awareness among the producers on the
various alternatives in terms of pest control causing a strong dependence
on chemicals in some cultures. Government structures have failed to take
into account risks to human health and to environment into their national
development strategies in the sector. Furthermore, as part of the implementation of activities under PROADEL-2,
Pests and Pesticides Management Plan (PPMP) is designed to minimize the
potential negative effects on human and animal health and on the
environment that may emerge in particular from the use of pesticides, as
well as to promote integrated pest and pesticides management. This Plan
is part of existing initiatives or ongoing in Chad. Legislative and regulatory texts are more elaborate on the management,
use, licensing and control of pesticides. Unfortunately the said
legislative documents are poorly publicized and poorly known to the
public which is reflected in the movement of certain products containing
the active ingredients in question. Pest and pesticide management is a challenge for several categories of
actors whose roles and modes of involvement have impacts that may
differentially affect the effectiveness of the management of the
environmental and health plan. This is a particular challenge for
research institutions, the Ministry in charge of Environment, the
Ministry in charge of Agriculture, the Ministry in charge of Health, the
Ministry in charge of Livestock, the Ministry in charge of Finance ;
Local governments, private operators, Laboratories and Research
Institutions, health and environmental NGOs, producer organizations, and
the beneficiary populations. In Chad, several strategies have been developed to fight against pests:
the preventive, curative control and IPM. The distribution channel and
marketing of pesticides is mainly based on an informal system and very
little private business structures are involved in this activity. There
are no comprehensive statistics on pesticide use in Chad. The monitoring
of compliance of pesticides with their label is one of the so-called
priority controls. But the country does not have the infrastructure
required to perform this control. Pesticides are sometimes used in an inappropriate manner, even for drugs:
therefore the fundamental issue of information and awareness-raising.
Agricultural farmers and health facilities in general do not have proper
storehouses for pesticides. Most of the private users, including people,
do not know about the proper and relevant use of pesticides and the
various alternatives methods namely as part of int